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今天朗讀一則防蚊的科學(xué)新聞

This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.

Mosquitoes are precision guided to their prey by plumes of carbon dioxide, heat and humidity. Sort of like how we follow our noses sometimes.

蚊子憑借二氧化碳、熱量和濕氣的精準(zhǔn)指引而定位獵物。有點(diǎn)像我們有時(shí)憑借氣味找東西。

"It's like us passing a restaurant or something: we might look at the signs and we might look at the display case and might smell. It's a lot of things they do. They're very smart, unfortunately."

 “這就像路過餐廳，我們可能會(huì)看到招牌、展示柜，還會(huì)聞到味道。蚊子會(huì)做很多事情。不幸的是，它們非常聰明?！?/span>

Robert Hurt, a chemical engineer at Brown University. As the skeeters get closer to us, he says, they also even smell and taste.

布朗大學(xué)的化學(xué)工程師羅伯特·赫特說到。他說，當(dāng)蚊子靠近我們時(shí)，它們甚至?xí)崧労推穱L味道。

"They have this thing called gustatory /'g?st?,tori/receptors. They taste chemicals associated with your sweat. You have bacteria on your skin, the bacteria metabolize compounds in your sweat and the mosquitoes detect those."

“它們有味覺感受器。它們品嘗與汗液有關(guān)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。你的皮膚上有細(xì)菌，這些細(xì)菌代謝你汗液中的化合物，蚊子能探測到這些物質(zhì)?！?/span>

You know what happens next. The bite. But Hurt and his colleagues have discovered a novel way to block them: with graphene  /?ɡr?fi?n/ , the substance composed of a single layer of carbon atoms.

你知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么。叮你。但是赫特和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種阻止蚊子的新方法：石墨烯，這是由單層碳原子組成的物質(zhì).

Hurt and his team asked volunteers to stick their arms into a box full of mosquitoes. "We don't actually disclose who those research subjects were, but we were closely involved." In other words, he will neither confirm nor deny that he and his colleagues were subjects.

赫特及其團(tuán)隊(duì)讓志愿者將手臂伸進(jìn)一個(gè)滿是蚊子的盒子里。“我們沒有透露研究對象是誰，但我們密切參與其中?！睋Q句話說，就他和他的同事是否是研究對象而言，他既不確認(rèn)也不否認(rèn)。

So whoever the subjects were, when they had no skin protection, the mosquitoes swarmed and bit the skin. However, with a graphene-based patch on the skin, the mosquitoes landed but seemed uninterested—and largely didn't bite. Hurt thinks that's because the film blocks those chemical cues the mosquitoes kind of "taste" on the skin. And when the film was dry, at least, it also physically blocked the mosquitoes from plunging their tiny hypodermic needles into the prospective victim.

The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

因此，無論研究對象是誰，當(dāng)他們沒有皮膚保護(hù)措施時(shí)，蚊子就會(huì)蜂擁而來，叮咬皮膚。然而，在皮膚上貼上含有石墨烯的貼片后，蚊子會(huì)落在皮膚上，但似乎不感興趣——基本上不會(huì)叮咬。赫特認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)槭┍∧ぷ钃趿宋米釉谄つw上“品嘗”的化學(xué)線索。當(dāng)薄膜干燥時(shí)，至少也能在物理上阻止蚊子將其微型皮下注射針扎進(jìn)潛在受害者體內(nèi)。

研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院報(bào)》上。

Mosquitoes could still sense the CO2 in your breath, of course. But when they get there, if you're wearing graphene, there wouldn't be too much to bite. And Hurt says the graphene film is cheap—just a few cents per square foot—and breathable. So if they can figure out how to keep the material mosquito-proof when moist, they'll be one step closer to graphene-laced antimosquito clothing.

當(dāng)然，蚊子仍能感覺到你呼吸中的二氧化碳。但當(dāng)它們到達(dá)皮膚時(shí)，如果你穿著含有石墨烯的衣服，那就沒有什么可咬的。赫特表示，石墨烯薄膜很便宜，每平方英尺只要幾美分，而且非常透氣。因此，如果他們能弄明白如何讓這種材料在潮濕的狀態(tài)下防蚊，那他們就離添加石墨烯的防蚊服更近了一步。

So has Bill Gates called yet to see if this research could lead to another weapon against malaria? "He hasn't, you know. But he calls all the time anyway, so I'm always trying to put him off when they call. But if he does, I'll talk to him, yeah."

那比爾·蓋茨有沒有打電話來，看看這項(xiàng)研究能否帶來另一種對抗瘧疾的武器？“他沒有。但不管怎么說，他總是在打電話，所以其他人打電話時(shí)，我只能稍后再打給他。但如果他打來電話，那我會(huì)和他談?wù)劦摹！?/span>

Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

謝謝大家收聽科學(xué)美國人——60秒科學(xué)。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亞塔。

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